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容器扩展范例

创建自定义多页插件为 Qt Designer .

The Container Extension example shows how to create a custom multi-page plugin for Qt Designer 使用 QDesignerContainerExtension 类。

To provide a custom widget that can be used with Qt Designer , we need to supply a self-contained implementation. In this example we use a custom multi-page widget designed to show the container extension feature.

An extension is an object which modifies the behavior of Qt Designer 。 QDesignerContainerExtension 启用 Qt Designer to manage and manipulate a custom multi-page widget, i.e. adding and deleting pages to the widget.

There are four available types of extensions in Qt Designer :

  • QDesignerMemberSheetExtension provides an extension that allows you to manipulate a widget's member functions which is displayed when configuring connections using Qt Designer's mode for editing signals and slots.
  • QDesignerPropertySheetExtension provides an extension that allows you to manipulate a widget's properties which is displayed in Qt Designer's property editor.
  • QDesignerTaskMenuExtension provides an extension that allows you to add custom menu entries to Qt Designer 's task menu.
  • QDesignerContainerExtension provides an extension that allows you to add (and delete) pages to a multi-page container plugin in Qt Designer .

You can use all the extensions following the same pattern as in this example, only replacing the respective extension base class. For more information, see Qt Designer C++ 类 .

The Container Extension example consists of four classes:

  • MultiPageWidget is a custom container widget that lets the user manipulate and populate its pages, and navigate among these using a combobox.
  • MultiPageWidgetPlugin exposes the MultiPageWidget class to Qt Designer .
  • MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory 创建 MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension 对象。
  • MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension provides the container extension.

The project file for custom widget plugins needs some additional information to ensure that they will work within Qt Designer . For example, custom widget plugins rely on components supplied with Qt Designer , and this must be specified in the project file that we use. We will first take a look at the plugin's project file.

Then we will continue by reviewing the MultiPageWidgetPlugin class, and take a look at the MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory and MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension classes. Finally, we will take a quick look at the MultiPageWidget 类定义。

The Project File: containerextension.pro

The project file must contain some additional information to ensure that the plugin will work as expected: 

TEMPLATE = lib
CONFIG  += plugin
QT      += widgets designer

The TEMPLATE variable's value makes qmake create the custom widget as a library. Later, we will ensure that the widget will be recognized as a plugin by Qt by using the Q_PLUGIN_METADATA () macro to export the relevant widget information.

The CONFIG variable is set to plugin , which ensures that qmake considers the custom widget a plugin library.

The QT variable contains the value designer . Since the plugin uses components supplied with Qt Designer that require linkage, this value ensures that our plugin links against Qt Designer 's library ( libQtDesigner.so ).

The header and source files for the widget are declared in the usual way: 

HEADERS += multipagewidget.h \
           multipagewidgetplugin.h \
           multipagewidgetcontainerextension.h \
           multipagewidgetextensionfactory.h
SOURCES += multipagewidget.cpp \
           multipagewidgetplugin.cpp \
           multipagewidgetcontainerextension.cpp \
           multipagewidgetextensionfactory.cpp
OTHER_FILES += multipagewidget.json

We provide an implementation of the plugin interface so that Qt Designer can use the custom widget. In this particular example we also provide implementations of the container extension interface and the extension factory.

It is important to ensure that the plugin is installed in a location that is searched by Qt Designer . We do this by specifying a target path for the project and adding it to the list of items to install: 

target.path = $$[QT_INSTALL_PLUGINS]/designer
INSTALLS += target

The container extension is created as a library, and will be installed alongside the other Qt Designer plugins when the project is installed (using make install or an equivalent installation procedure).

Note that if you want the plugins to appear in a Visual Studio integration, the plugins must be built in release mode and their libraries must be copied into the plugin directory in the install path of the integration (for an example, see C:/program files/trolltech as/visual studio integration/plugins ).

For more information about plugins, see the 如何创建 Qt 插件 文档编制。

MultiPageWidgetPlugin 类定义

The MultiPageWidgetPlugin class exposes the MultiPageWidget class to Qt Designer . Its definition is similar to the 自定义 Widget 插件 example's plugin class which is explained in detail. The parts of the class definition that is specific to this particular custom widget is the class name and a couple of private slots: 

#ifndef MULTIPAGEWIDGETPLUGIN_H
#define MULTIPAGEWIDGETPLUGIN_H
#include <QtUiPlugin/QDesignerCustomWidgetInterface>
class QIcon;
class QWidget;
class MultiPageWidgetPlugin: public QObject, public QDesignerCustomWidgetInterface
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PLUGIN_METADATA(IID "org.qt-project.Qt.QDesignerCustomWidget")
    Q_INTERFACES(QDesignerCustomWidgetInterface)
public:
    explicit MultiPageWidgetPlugin(QObject *parent = nullptr);
    QString name() const override;
    QString group() const override;
    QString toolTip() const override;
    QString whatsThis() const override;
    QString includeFile() const override;
    QIcon icon() const override;
    bool isContainer() const override;
    QWidget *createWidget(QWidget *parent) override;
    bool isInitialized() const override;
    void initialize(QDesignerFormEditorInterface *formEditor) override;
    QString domXml() const override;
private slots:
    void currentIndexChanged(int index);
    void pageTitleChanged(const QString &title);
private:
    bool initialized = false;
};
#endif

The plugin class provides Qt Designer with basic information about our plugin, such as its class name and its include file. Furthermore it knows how to create instances of the MultiPageWidget 小部件。 MultiPageWidgetPlugin also defines the initialize() function which is called after the plugin is loaded into Qt Designer . The function's QDesignerFormEditorInterface parameter provides the plugin with a gateway to all of Qt Designer 's API's.

In the case of a multipage widget such as ours, we must also implement two private slots, currentIndexChanged() and pageTitleChanged(), to be able to update Qt Designer 's property editor whenever the user views another page or changes one of the page titles. To be able to give each page their own title, we have chosen to use the QWidget::windowTitle property to store the page title (for more information see the MultiPageWidget class 实现 ). Note that currently there is no way of adding a custom property (e.g., a page title) to the pages without using a predefined property as placeholder.

The MultiPageWidgetPlugin class inherits from both QObject and QDesignerCustomWidgetInterface . It is important to remember, when using multiple inheritance, to ensure that all the interfaces (i.e. the classes that doesn't inherit Q_OBJECT ) are made known to the meta object system using the Q_INTERFACES () macro. This enables Qt Designer 要使用 qobject_cast (QObject * object) to query for supported interfaces using nothing but a QObject 指针。

MultiPageWidgetPlugin Class Implementation

The MultiPageWidgetPlugin class implementation is in most parts equivalent to the 自定义 Widget 插件 example's plugin class: 

MultiPageWidgetPlugin::MultiPageWidgetPlugin(QObject *parent)
    : QObject(parent)
{
}
QString MultiPageWidgetPlugin::name() const
{
    return QLatin1String("MultiPageWidget");
}
QString MultiPageWidgetPlugin::group() const
{
    return QLatin1String("Display Widgets [Examples]");
}
QString MultiPageWidgetPlugin::toolTip() const
{
    return QString();
}
QString MultiPageWidgetPlugin::whatsThis() const
{
    return QString();
}
QString MultiPageWidgetPlugin::includeFile() const
{
    return QLatin1String("multipagewidget.h");
}
QIcon MultiPageWidgetPlugin::icon() const
{
    return QIcon();
}
bool MultiPageWidgetPlugin::isInitialized() const
{
    return initialized;
}

One of the functions that differ is the isContainer() function which returns true in this example since our custom widget is intended to be used as a container. 

bool MultiPageWidgetPlugin::isContainer() const
{
    return true;
}

Another function that differ is the function creating our custom widget: 

QWidget *MultiPageWidgetPlugin::createWidget(QWidget *parent)
{
    MultiPageWidget *widget = new MultiPageWidget(parent);
    connect(widget, &MultiPageWidget::currentIndexChanged,
            this, &MultiPageWidgetPlugin::currentIndexChanged);
    connect(widget, &MultiPageWidget::pageTitleChanged,
            this, &MultiPageWidgetPlugin::pageTitleChanged);
    return widget;
}

In addition to create and return the widget, we connect our custom container widget's currentIndexChanged() signal to the plugin's currentIndexChanged() slot to ensure that Qt Designer 's property editor is updated whenever the user views another page. We also connect the widget's pageTitleChanged() signal to the plugin's pageTitleChanged() slot.

The currentIndexChanged() slot is called whenever our custom widget's currentIndexChanged() signal is emitted, i.e. whenever the user views another page: 

void MultiPageWidgetPlugin::currentIndexChanged(int index)
{
    Q_UNUSED(index);
    MultiPageWidget *widget = qobject_cast<MultiPageWidget*>(sender());

First, we retrieve the object emitting the signal using the QObject::sender () 和 qobject_cast () functions. If it's called in a slot activated by a signal, QObject::sender () returns a pointer to the object that sent the signal; otherwise it returns 0. 

    if (widget) {
        QDesignerFormWindowInterface *form = QDesignerFormWindowInterface::findFormWindow(widget);
        if (form)
            form->emitSelectionChanged();
    }
}

Once we have the widget we can update the property editor. Qt Designer 使用 QDesignerPropertySheetExtension class to feed its property editor, and whenever a widget is selected in its workspace, Qt Designer will query for the widget's property sheet extension and update the property editor.

So what we want to achieve is to notify Qt Designer that our widget's internal selection has changed: First we use the static QDesignerFormWindowInterface::findFormWindow () function to retrieve the QDesignerFormWindowInterface object containing the widget. The QDesignerFormWindowInterface class allows you to query and manipulate form windows appearing in Qt Designer's workspace. Then, all we have to do is to emit its emitSelectionChanged() signal, forcing an update of the property editor.

When changing a page title a generic refresh of the property editor is not enough because it is actually the page's property extension that needs to be updated. For that reason we need to access the QDesignerPropertySheetExtension object for the page which title we want to change. The QDesignerPropertySheetExtension class also allows you to manipulate a widget's properties, but to get hold of the extension we must first retrieve access to Qt Designer 's extension manager: 

void MultiPageWidgetPlugin::pageTitleChanged(const QString &title)
{
    Q_UNUSED(title);
    MultiPageWidget *widget = qobject_cast<MultiPageWidget*>(sender());
    if (widget) {
        QWidget *page = widget->widget(widget->currentIndex());
        QDesignerFormWindowInterface *form;
        form = QDesignerFormWindowInterface::findFormWindow(widget);

Again we first retrieve the widget emitting the signal, using the QObject::sender () 和 qobject_cast () functions. Then we retrieve the current page from the widget that emitted the signal, and we use the static QDesignerFormWindowInterface::findFormWindow () function to retrieve the form containing our widget. 

            QDesignerFormEditorInterface *editor = form->core();
            QExtensionManager *manager = editor->extensionManager();

Now that we have the form window, the QDesignerFormWindowInterface 类提供 core() function which returns the current QDesignerFormEditorInterface 对象。 QDesignerFormEditorInterface class allows you to access Qt Designer's various components. In particular, the QDesignerFormEditorInterface::extensionManager () function returns a reference to the current extension manager. 

            QDesignerPropertySheetExtension *sheet;
            sheet = qt_extension<QDesignerPropertySheetExtension*>(manager, page);
            const int propertyIndex = sheet->indexOf(QLatin1String("windowTitle"));
            sheet->setChanged(propertyIndex, true);
        }
    }
}

Once we have the extension manager we can update the extension sheet: First we retrieve the property extension for the page which title we want to change, using the qt_extension() function. Then we retrieve the index for the page title using the QDesignerPropertySheetExtension::indexOf () function. As previously mentioned, we have chosen to use the QWidget::windowTitle property to store the page title (for more information see the MultiPageWidget class 实现 ). Finally, we implicitly force an update of the page's property sheet by calling the QDesignerPropertySheetExtension::setChanged () 函数。 

void MultiPageWidgetPlugin::initialize(QDesignerFormEditorInterface *formEditor)
{
    if (initialized)
        return;

Note also the initialize() function: The initialize() function takes a QDesignerFormEditorInterface object as argument. 

    QExtensionManager *manager = formEditor->extensionManager();

When creating extensions associated with custom widget plugins, we need to access Qt Designer 's current extension manager which we retrieve from the QDesignerFormEditorInterface 参数。

In addition to allowing you to manipulate a widget's properties, the QExtensionManager class provides extension management facilities for Qt Designer 。使用 Qt Designer 's current extension manager you can retrieve the extension for a given object. You can also register and unregister an extension for a given object. Remember that an extension is an object which modifies the behavior of Qt Designer .

When registrering an extension, it is actually the associated extension factory that is registered. In Qt Designer , extension factories are used to look up and create named extensions as they are required. So, in this example, the container extension itself is not created until Qt Designer must know whether the associated widget is a container, or not. 

    QExtensionFactory *factory = new MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory(manager);
    Q_ASSERT(manager != 0);
    manager->registerExtensions(factory, Q_TYPEID(QDesignerContainerExtension));
    initialized = true;
}

创建 MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory object that we register using Qt Designer 's current extension manager retrieved from the QDesignerFormEditorInterface parameter. The first argument is the newly created factory and the second argument is an extension identifier which is a string. The Q_TYPEID() macro simply convert the string into a QLatin1String .

The MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory 类是子类化的 QExtensionFactory 。当 Qt Designer must know whether a widget is a container, or not, Qt Designer 's extension manager will run through all its registered factories invoking the first one which is able to create a container extension for that widget. This factory will in turn create a MultiPageWidgetExtension 对象。 

QString MultiPageWidgetPlugin::domXml() const
{
    return QLatin1String("\
<ui language=\"c++\">\
    <widget class=\"MultiPageWidget\" name=\"multipagewidget\">\
        <widget class=\"QWidget\" name=\"page\" />\
    </widget>\
    <customwidgets>\
        <customwidget>\
            <class>MultiPageWidget</class>\
            <extends>QWidget</extends>\
            <addpagemethod>addPage</addpagemethod>\
        </customwidget>\
    </customwidgets>\
</ui>");
}

Finally, take a look at the domXml() function. This function includes default settings for the widget in the standard XML format used by Qt Designer . In this case, we specify the container's first page; any inital pages of a multi-page widget must be specified within this function. 

    Q_PLUGIN_METADATA(IID "org.qt-project.Qt.QDesignerCustomWidget")

Remember to use the Q_PLUGIN_METADATA () macro to export the MultiPageWidgetPlugin class for use with Qt's plugin handling classes: This macro ensures that Qt Designer can access and construct the custom widget. Without this macro, there is no way for Qt Designer to use the widget.

MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory Class Definition

The MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory 类继承 QExtensionFactory which provides a standard extension factory for Qt Designer . 

class MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory: public QExtensionFactory
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory(QExtensionManager *parent = nullptr);
protected:
    QObject *createExtension(QObject *object, const QString &iid, QObject *parent) const override;
};

The subclass's purpose is to reimplement the QExtensionFactory::createExtension () function, making it able to create a MultiPageWidget container extension.

MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory Class Implementation

The class constructor simply calls the QExtensionFactory base class constructor: 

MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory::MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory(QExtensionManager *parent)
    : QExtensionFactory(parent)
{}

As described above, the factory is invoked when Qt Designer must know whether the associated widget is a container, or not. 

QObject *MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory::createExtension(QObject *object,
                                                          const QString &iid,
                                                          QObject *parent) const
{
    MultiPageWidget *widget = qobject_cast<MultiPageWidget*>(object);
    if (widget && (iid == Q_TYPEID(QDesignerContainerExtension)))
        return new MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension(widget, parent);
    return nullptr;
}

Qt Designer 's behavior is the same whether the requested extension is associated with a container, a member sheet, a property sheet or a task menu: Its extension manager runs through all its registered extension factories calling createExtension() for each until one responds by creating the requested extension.

So the first thing we do in MultiPageWidgetExtensionFactory::createExtension() is to check if the QObject , for which the extension is requested, is in fact a MultiPageWidget object. Then we check if the requested extension is a container extension.

If the object is a MultiPageWidget requesting a container extension, we create and return a MultiPageWidgetExtension object. Otherwise, we simply return a null pointer, allowing Qt Designer 's extension manager to continue its search through the registered factories.

MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension Class Definition

The MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension 类继承 QDesignerContainerExtension which allows you to add (and delete) pages to a multi-page container plugin in Qt Designer . 

class MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension: public QObject,
                                         public QDesignerContainerExtension
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_INTERFACES(QDesignerContainerExtension)
public:
    explicit MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension(MultiPageWidget *widget, QObject *parent);
    void addWidget(QWidget *widget) override;
    int count() const override;
    int currentIndex() const override;
    void insertWidget(int index, QWidget *widget) override;
    void remove(int index) override;
    void setCurrentIndex(int index) override;
    QWidget *widget(int index) const override;
private:
    MultiPageWidget *myWidget;
};

It is important to recognize that the QDesignerContainerExtension class only is intended to provide Qt Designer access to your custom multi-page widget's functionality; your custom multi-page widget must implement functionality corresponding to the extension's functions.

Note also that we implement a constructor that takes two arguments: the parent widget, and the MultiPageWidget object for which the task menu is requested.

QDesignerContainerExtension provides a couple of menu entries in Qt Designer 's task menu by default, enabling the user to add or delete pages to the associated custom multi-page widget in Qt Designer 's workspace.

MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension Class Implementation

In the constructor we save the reference to the MultiPageWidget object sent as parameter, i.e the widget associated with the extension. We will need this later to access the custom multi-page widget performing the requested actions. 

MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension::MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension(MultiPageWidget *widget,
                                                                     QObject *parent)
    : QObject(parent)
    , myWidget(widget)
{
}

To fully enable Qt Designer to manage and manipulate your custom multi-page widget, you must reimplement all the functions of QDesignerContainerExtension : 

void MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension::addWidget(QWidget *widget)
{
    myWidget->addPage(widget);
}
int MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension::count() const
{
    return myWidget->count();
}
int MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension::currentIndex() const
{
    return myWidget->currentIndex();
}

You must reimplement addWidget() adding a given page to the container, count() returning the number of pages in the container, and currentIndex() returning the index of the currently selected page. 

void MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension::insertWidget(int index, QWidget *widget)
{
    myWidget->insertPage(index, widget);
}
void MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension::remove(int index)
{
    myWidget->removePage(index);
}
void MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension::setCurrentIndex(int index)
{
    myWidget->setCurrentIndex(index);
}
QWidget* MultiPageWidgetContainerExtension::widget(int index) const
{
    return myWidget->widget(index);
}

You must reimplement insertWidget() adding a given page to the container at a given index, remove() deleting the page at a given index, setCurrentIndex() setting the index of the currently selected page, and finally widget() returning the page at a given index.

MultiPageWidget Class Definition

The MultiPageWidget class is a custom container widget that lets the user manipulate and populate its pages, and navigate among these using a combobox. 

class MultiPageWidget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(int currentIndex READ currentIndex WRITE setCurrentIndex)
    Q_PROPERTY(QString pageTitle READ pageTitle WRITE setPageTitle STORED false)
public:
    explicit MultiPageWidget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    QSize sizeHint() const override;
    int count() const;
    int currentIndex() const;
    QWidget *widget(int index);
    QString pageTitle() const;
public slots:
    void addPage(QWidget *page);
    void insertPage(int index, QWidget *page);
    void removePage(int index);
    void setPageTitle(QString const &newTitle);
    void setCurrentIndex(int index);
private slots:
    void pageWindowTitleChanged();
signals:
    void currentIndexChanged(int index);
    void pageTitleChanged(const QString &title);
private:
    QStackedWidget *stackWidget;
    QComboBox *comboBox;
};

The main detail to observe is that your custom multi-page widget must implement functionality corresponding to the QDesignerContainerExtension 's member functions since the QDesignerContainerExtension class only is intended to provide Qt Designer access to your custom multi-page widget's functionality.

In addition, we declare the currentIndex and pageTitle properties, and their associated set and get functions. By declaring these attributes as properties, we allow Qt Designer to manage them in the same way it manages the properties the MultiPageWidget widget inherits from QWidget and QObject , for example featuring the property editor.

注意 STORED attribute in the declaration of the pageTitle property: The STORED attribute indicates persistence, i.e. it declares whether the property's value must be remembered when storing an object's state. As mentioned above, we have chosen to store the page title using the QWidget::windowTitle property to be able to give each page their own title. For that reason the pageTitle property is a "fake" property, provided for editing purposes, and doesn't need to be stored.

We must also implement and emit the currentIndexChanged() and pageTitleChanged() signals to ensure that Qt Designer 's property editor is updated whenever the user views another page or changes one of the page titles.

See the MultiPageWidget class 实现 了解更多细节。

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