内容

• 创建测试
• 构建测试
• Qt Test 命令行自变量
• 句法
• Options
• 创建基准测试

Qt Test 概述

Qt Test is a framework for unit testing Qt based applications and libraries. Qt Test provides all the functionality commonly found in unit testing frameworks as well as extensions for testing graphical user interfaces.

Qt Test is designed to ease the writing of unit tests for Qt based applications and libraries:

特征	细节
Lightweight	Qt Test consists of about 6000 lines of code and 60 exported symbols.
Self-contained	Qt Test requires only a few symbols from the Qt Core module for non-gui testing.
Rapid testing	Qt Test needs no special test-runners; no special registration for tests.
Data-driven testing	A test can be executed multiple times with different test data.
Basic GUI testing	Qt Test offers functionality for mouse and keyboard simulation.
基准测试	Qt Test supports benchmarking and provides several measurement back-ends.
IDE friendly	Qt Test outputs messages that can be interpreted by Qt Creator, Visual Studio, and KDevelop.
Thread-safety	The error reporting is thread safe and atomic.
Type-safety	Extensive use of templates prevent errors introduced by implicit type casting.
Easily extendable	Custom types can easily be added to the test data and test output.

创建测试

To create a test, subclass QObject and add one or more private slots to it. Each private slot is a test function in your test. QTest::qExec () can be used to execute all test functions in the test object.

In addition, there are four private slots that are not treated as test functions. They will be executed by the testing framework and can be used to initialize and clean up either the entire test or the current test function.

• initTestCase() will be called before the first test function is executed.
• cleanupTestCase() will be called after the last test function was executed.
• init() will be called before each test function is executed.
• cleanup() will be called after every test function.

若 initTestCase() fails, no test function will be executed. If init() fails, the following test function will not be executed, the test will proceed to the next test function.

范例：

class MyFirstTest: public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
private:
    bool myCondition()
    {
        return true;
    }
private slots:
    void initTestCase()
    {
        qDebug("Called before everything else.");
    }
    void myFirstTest()
    {
        QVERIFY(true); // check that a condition is satisfied
        QCOMPARE(1, 1); // compare two values
    }
    void mySecondTest()
    {
        QVERIFY(myCondition());
        QVERIFY(1 != 2);
    }
    void cleanupTestCase()
    {
        qDebug("Called after myFirstTest and mySecondTest.");
    }
};
					

For more examples, refer to the Qt Test 教程 .

构建测试

If you are using qmake as your build tool, just add the following to your project file:

QT += testlib
					

If you would like to run the test via make check , add the additional line:

CONFIG += testcase
					

To prevent the test from being installed to your target, add the additional line:

CONFIG += no_testcase_installs
					

见 qmake manual for more information about make check .

If you are using other build tools, make sure that you add the location of the Qt Test header files to your include path (usually include/QtTest under your Qt installation directory). If you are using a release build of Qt, link your test to the QtTest library. For debug builds, use QtTest_debug .

见 编写单元测试 for a step by step explanation.

Qt Test 命令行自变量

句法

The syntax to execute an autotest takes the following simple form:

testname [options] [testfunctions[:testdata]]...
					

Substitute testname with the name of your executable. testfunctions can contain names of test functions to be executed. If no testfunctions are passed, all tests are run. If you append the name of an entry in testdata , the test function will be run only with that test data.

例如：

/myTestDirectory$ testQString toUpper
					

Runs the test function called toUpper with all available test data.

/myTestDirectory$ testQString toUpper toInt:zero
					

运行 toUpper test function with all available test data, and the toInt test function with the test data called zero (if the specified test data doesn't exist, the associated test will fail).

/myTestDirectory$ testMyWidget -vs -eventdelay 500
					

运行 testMyWidget function test, outputs every signal emission and waits 500 milliseconds after each simulated mouse/keyboard event.

选项

日志选项

The following command line options determine how test results are reported:

• -o filename,format
  Writes output to the specified file, in the specified format (one of txt , xml , lightxml , xunitxml or tap ). The special filename - may be used to log to standard output.
• -o filename
  把输出写入指定文件。
• -txt
  以纯文本输出结果。
• -xml
  Outputs results as an XML document.
• -lightxml
  Outputs results as a stream of XML tags.
• -xunitxml
  Outputs results as an Xunit XML document.
• -csv
  Outputs results as comma-separated values (CSV). This mode is only suitable for benchmarks, since it suppresses normal pass/fail messages.
• -teamcity
  Outputs results in TeamCity format.
• -tap
  Outputs results in Test Anything Protocol (TAP) format.

The first version of the -o option may be repeated in order to log test results in multiple formats, but no more than one instance of this option can log test results to standard output.

If the first version of the -o option is used, neither the second version of the -o option nor the -txt , -xml , -lightxml , -teamcity , -xunitxml or -tap options should be used.

If neither version of the -o option is used, test results will be logged to standard output. If no format option is used, test results will be logged in plain text.

测试日志细节选项

The following command line options control how much detail is reported in test logs:

• -silent
  Silent output; only shows fatal errors, test failures and minimal status messages.
• -v1
  Verbose output; shows when each test function is entered. (This option only affects plain text output.)
• -v2
  Extended verbose output; shows each QCOMPARE () 和 QVERIFY (). (This option affects all output formats and implies -v1 for plain text output.)
• -vs
  Shows all signals that get emitted and the slot invocations resulting from those signals. (This option affects all output formats.)

测试选项

The following command-line options influence how tests are run:

• -functions
  Outputs all test functions available in the test, then quits.
• -datatags
  Outputs all data tags available in the test. A global data tag is preceded by ' __global__ '.
• -eventdelay ms
  If no delay is specified for keyboard or mouse simulation ( QTest::keyClick (), QTest::mouseClick () etc.), the value from this parameter (in milliseconds) is substituted.
• -keydelay ms
  Like -eventdelay, but only influences keyboard simulation and not mouse simulation.
• -mousedelay ms
  Like -eventdelay, but only influences mouse simulation and not keyboard simulation.
• -maxwarnings number
  Sets the maximum number of warnings to output. 0 for unlimited, defaults to 2000.
• -nocrashhandler
  Disables the crash handler on Unix platforms. On Windows, it re-enables the Windows Error Reporting dialog, which is turned off by default. This is useful for debugging crashes.
• -platform name
  This command line argument applies to all Qt applications, but might be especially useful in the context of auto-testing. By using the "offscreen" platform plugin (-platform offscreen) it's possible to have tests that use QWidget or QWindow run without showing anything on the screen. Currently the offscreen platform plugin is only fully supported on X11.

基准测试选项

The following command line options control benchmark testing:

• -callgrind
  Uses Callgrind to time benchmarks (Linux only).
• -tickcounter
  Uses CPU tick counters to time benchmarks.
• -eventcounter
  Counts events received during benchmarks.
• -minimumvalue n
  Sets the minimum acceptable measurement value.
• -minimumtotal n
  Sets the minimum acceptable total for repeated executions of a test function.
• -iterations n
  Sets the number of accumulation iterations.
• -median n
  Sets the number of median iterations.
• -vb
  Outputs verbose benchmarking information.

Miscellaneous Options

• -help
  Outputs the possible command line arguments and gives some useful help.

创建基准测试

To create a benchmark, follow the instructions for creating a test and then add a QBENCHMARK macro to the test function that you want to benchmark.

class MyFirstBenchmark: public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
private slots:
    void myFirstBenchmark()
    {
        QString string1;
        QString string2;
        QBENCHMARK {
            string1.localeAwareCompare(string2);
        }
    }
};
					

The code inside the QBENCHMARK macro will be measured, and possibly also repeated several times in order to get an accurate measurement. This depends on the selected measurement back-end. Several back-ends are available. They can be selected on the command line:

名称	命令行自变量	可用性
Walltime	(默认)	所有平台
CPU tick counter	-tickcounter	Windows, macOS , Linux, many UNIX-like systems.
Event Counter	-eventcounter	所有平台
Valgrind Callgrind	-callgrind	Linux (若有安装)
Linux Perf	-perf	Linux

In short, walltime is always available but requires many repetitions to get a useful result. Tick counters are usually available and can provide results with fewer repetitions, but can be susceptible to CPU frequency scaling issues. Valgrind provides exact results, but does not take I/O waits into account, and is only available on a limited number of platforms. Event counting is available on all platforms and it provides the number of events that were received by the event loop before they are sent to their corresponding targets (this might include non-Qt events).

The Linux Performance Monitoring solution is available only on Linux and provides many different counters, which can be selected by passing an additional option -perfcounter countername ，譬如 -perfcounter cache-misses , -perfcounter branch-misses ，或 -perfcounter l1d-load-misses . The default counter is cpu-cycles . The full list of counters can be obtained by running any benchmark executable with the option -perfcounterlist .

• 注意事项 :
  • Using the performance counter may require enabling access to non-privileged applications.
  • Devices that do not support high-resolution timers default to one-millisecond granularity.

见 编写基准测试 in the Qt Test Tutorial for more benchmarking examples.