对象模型

The standard C++ object model provides very efficient runtime support for the object paradigm. But its static nature is inflexibile in certain problem domains. Graphical user interface programming is a domain that requires both runtime efficiency and a high level of flexibility. Qt provides this, by combining the speed of C++ with the flexibility of the Qt Object Model.

Qt 把这些特征添加到 C++:

Many of these Qt features are implemented with standard C++ techniques, based on inheritance from QObject . Others, like the object communication mechanism and the dynamic property system, require the 元对象系统 provided by Qt's own MOC (元对象编译器) .

The meta-object system is a C++ extension that makes the language better suited to true component GUI programming.

重要类

这些类形成 Qt 对象模型的基础。

QMetaClassInfo

有关类的额外信息

QMetaEnum

有关枚举器的元数据

QMetaMethod

关于成员函数的元数据

QMetaObject

包含有关 Qt 对象的元信息

QMetaProperty

关于特性的元数据

QMetaType

在元对象系统中管理命名类型

QObject

所有 Qt 对象的基类

QObjectCleanupHandler

看守多个 QObject 的寿命

QPointer

提供指向 QObject 守卫指针的模板类

QSignalBlocker

围绕 QObject::blockSignals() 的异常安全包裹器

QSignalMapper

捆绑来自可识别发送器的信号

QVariant

举动像最常见 Qt 数据类型的并集

Qt 对象:标识 vs 值

Some of the added features listed above for the Qt Object Model, require that we think of Qt Objects as identities, not values. Values are copied or assigned; identities are cloned. Cloning means to create a new identity, not an exact copy of the old one. For example, twins have different identities. They may look identical, but they have different names, different locations, and may have completely different social networks.

Then cloning an identity is a more complex operation than copying or assigning a value. We can see what this means in the Qt Object Model.

Qt 对象 ...

  • 可以拥有唯一 QObject::objectName (). If we copy a Qt Object, what name should we give the copy?
  • has a location in an object hierarchy . If we copy a Qt Object, where should the copy be located?
  • can be connected to other Qt Objects to emit signals to them or to receive signals emitted by them. If we copy a Qt Object, how should we transfer these connections to the copy?
  • 可以拥有 新特性 added to it at runtime that are not declared in the C++ class. If we copy a Qt Object, should the copy include the properties that were added to the original?

For these reasons, Qt Objects should be treated as identities, not as values. Identities are cloned, not copied or assigned, and cloning an identity is a more complex operation than copying or assigning a value. Therefore, QObject and all subclasses of QObject (direct or indirect) have their 拷贝构造函数和赋值运算符 disabled.