集成 QML 和 C++

QML applications often need to handle more advanced and performance-intensive tasks in C++. The most common and quickest way to do this is to expose the C++ class to the QML runtime, provided the C++ implementation is derived from QObject . Assuming that you have Qt 5.7 or later installed, the following step-by-step instructions guide you through the process of using the C++ class, BackEnd, in a QML application:

  1. Create a new project using the "Qt Quick Application" template in Qt Creator

    注意: Uncheck the With ui.qml file option in the Define Project Details section of New Project Wizard .

  2. Add a new C++ class called BackEnd to the project and replace its header file contents with:
    #ifndef BACKEND_H
    
    #define BACKEND_H
    
    
    #include <QObject>
    
    
    #include <QString>
    
    
    #include <qqml.h>
    
    
    class
    
     BackEnd :
    
    public
    
    
    
    QObject
    
    
    {
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(
    
    
    QString
    
    
     userName READ userName WRITE setUserName NOTIFY userNameChanged)
    QML_ELEMENT
    
    public
    
    :
    
    explicit
    
     BackEnd(
    
    
    QObject
    
    
    
    *
    
    parent
    
    =
    
     nullptr);
    
    
    QString
    
    
     userName();
    
    void
    
     setUserName(
    
    const
    
    
    
    QString
    
    
    
    &
    
    userName);
    
    signals
    
    :
    
    void
    
     userNameChanged();
    
    private
    
    :
    
    
    QString
    
    
     m_userName;
    };
    
    #endif // BACKEND_H
    
    							

    The Q_PROPERTY macro declares a property that could be accessed from QML. The QML_ELEMENT macro makes the BackEnd class available in QML.

  3. Add the following lines to your project file:
    CONFIG += qmltypes
    QML_IMPORT_NAME = io.qt.examples.backend
    QML_IMPORT_MAJOR_VERSION = 1
    							

    The BackEnd class is automatically registered as a type, which is accessible from QML by importing the URL, " io.qt.examples.backend 1.0 ".

  4. Replace the contents of backend.cpp 采用:
    #include "backend.h"
    BackEnd
    
    ::
    
    BackEnd(
    
    
    QObject
    
    
    
    *
    
    parent) :
    
    
    QObject
    
    
    (parent)
    {
    }
    
    
    QString
    
    
     BackEnd
    
    ::
    
    userName()
    {
    
    return
    
     m_userName;
    }
    
    void
    
     BackEnd
    
    ::
    
    setUserName(
    
    const
    
    
    
    QString
    
    
    
    &
    
    userName)
    {
    
    if
    
     (userName
    
    =
    
    
    =
    
     m_userName)
    
    return
    
    ;
    m_userName
    
    =
    
     userName;
    
    emit
    
     userNameChanged();
    }
    							

    The setUserName function emits the userNameChanged signal every time m_userName value changes. The signal can be handled from QML using the onUserNameChanged handler.

  5. Replace the contents of main.qml 通过以下代码:
    import QtQuick 2.6
    import QtQuick.Controls 2.0
    import io.qt.examples.backend 1.0
    
    
    ApplicationWindow
    
    
     {
    
    id
    
    :
    
    root
    
    
    width
    
    :
    
    300
    
    
    height
    
    :
    
    480
    
    
    visible
    
    :
    
    true
    
    
    BackEnd
    
     {
    
    id
    
    :
    
    backend
    
    }
    
    
    TextField
    
    
     {
    
    text
    
    :
    
    backend
    
    .
    
    userName
    
    
    placeholderText
    
    :
    
    qsTr
    
    (
    
    "User name"
    
    )
    
    anchors
    
    .centerIn:
    
    parent
    
    
    onEditingFinished
    
    :
    
    backend
    
    .
    
    userName
    
    
    =
    
    
    text
    
    }
    }
    							

    The BackEnd instance lets you access the userName property, which is updated when the TextField 's text 特性改变。

Now the application can be run.

Application running on Ubuntu

Qt offers several methods to integrate C++ with QML, and the method discussed in this tutorial is just one of them. For more details about these methods, refer to 概述 - QML 和 C++ 集成 .