QML 基本类型

QML 支持许多基本类型。

A 基本类型 是某种简单值的引用，譬如 int 或 string 。这相比 QML 对象类型 , which refers to an object with properties, signals, methods and so on. Unlike an object type, a basic type cannot be used to declare QML objects: it is not possible, for example, to declare an int{} 对象或 size{} 对象。

Basic types can be used to refer to:

单个值 (如 int refers to a single number, var can refer to a single list of items)
A value that contains a simple set of property-value pairs (e.g. size 引用值具有 width and height 属性)

支持的基本类型

Some basic types are supported by the engine by default and do not require an import statement to be used, while others do require the client to import the module which provides them. All of the basic types listed below may be used as a property type in a QML document, with the following exceptions:

list must be used in conjunction with a QML object type
enumeration cannot be used directly as the enumeration must be defined by a registered QML object type

由 QML 语言提供的基本类型

The basic types supported natively in the QML language are listed below:

bool	二进制 true/false 值
double	带小数点的数字，以双精度存储
enumeration	命名枚举值
int	整数 (如：0、10 或 -20)
list	QML 对象列表
real	带小数点的数字
string	自由形式文本字符串
url	资源定位器
var	一般特性类型

由 QML 模块提供的基本类型

QML modules may extend the QML language with more basic types. For example, the basic types provided by the QtQuick module are listed below:

date	日期值
point	具有 X 和 Y 属性的值
rect	具有 X、Y、宽度及高度属性的值
size	具有宽度和高度属性的值
color	ARGB color value. The color type refers to an ARGB color value. It can be specified in a number of ways:
font	Font value with the properties of QFont. The font type refers to a font value with the properties of QFont
matrix4x4	A matrix4x4 type is a 4-row and 4-column matrix
quaternion	A quaternion type has scalar, x, y, and z attributes
vector2d	A vector2d type has x and y attributes
vector3d	Value with x, y, and z attributes
vector4d	A vector4d type has x, y, z and w attributes

The Qt global object provides useful functions for manipulating values of basic types.

Currently only QML modules which are provided by Qt may provide their own basic types, however this may change in future releases of Qt QML. In order to use types provided by a particular QML module, clients must import that module in their QML documents.

改变基本类型行为的特性

一些基本类型拥有特性：例如， font 类型拥有 pixelSize , family and bold properties. Unlike properties of 对象类型 , properties of basic types do not provide their own property change signals. It is only possible to create a property change signal handler for the basic type property itself:

Text {
    // invalid!
    onFont.pixelSizeChanged: doSomething()
    // also invalid!
    font {
        onPixelSizeChanged: doSomething()
    }
    // but this is ok
    onFontChanged: doSomething()
}

Be aware, however, that a property change signal for a basic type is emitted whenever any of its attributes have changed, as well as when the property itself changes. Take the following code, for example:

Text {
    onFontChanged: console.log("font changed")
    Text { id: otherText }
    focus: true
    // changing any of the font attributes, or reassigning the property
    // to a different font value, will invoke the onFontChanged handler
    Keys.onDigit1Pressed: font.pixelSize += 1
    Keys.onDigit2Pressed: font.b = !font.b
    Keys.onDigit3Pressed: font = otherText.font
}

In contrast, properties of an 对象类型 emit their own property change signals, and a property change signal handler for an object-type property is only invoked when the property is reassigned to a different object value.

另请参阅 QML 类型系统 .