Factorial States Example

The statechart for calculating the factorial looks as follows:

In other words, the state machine calculates the factorial of 6 and prints the result.

class Factorial : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(int x READ x WRITE setX)
    Q_PROPERTY(int fac READ fac WRITE setFac)
public:
    Factorial(QObject *parent = 0)
        : QObject(parent), m_x(-1), m_fac(1)
    {
    }
    int x() const
    {
        return m_x;
    }
    void setX(int x)
    {
        if (x == m_x)
            return;
        m_x = x;
        emit xChanged(x);
    }
    int fac() const
    {
        return m_fac;
    }
    void setFac(int fac)
    {
        m_fac = fac;
    }
Q_SIGNALS:
    void xChanged(int value);
private:
    int m_x;
    int m_fac;
};

The Factorial class is used to hold the data of the computation, x and fac . It also provides a signal that's emitted whenever the value of x 改变。

class FactorialLoopTransition : public QSignalTransition
{
public:
    FactorialLoopTransition(Factorial *fact)
        : QSignalTransition(fact, SIGNAL(xChanged(int))), m_fact(fact)
    {}
    bool eventTest(QEvent *e) override
    {
        if (!QSignalTransition::eventTest(e))
            return false;
        QStateMachine::SignalEvent *se = static_cast<QStateMachine::SignalEvent*>(e);
        return se->arguments().at(0).toInt() > 1;
    }
    void onTransition(QEvent *e) override
    {
        QStateMachine::SignalEvent *se = static_cast<QStateMachine::SignalEvent*>(e);
        int x = se->arguments().at(0).toInt();
        int fac = m_fact->property("fac").toInt();
        m_fact->setProperty("fac",  x * fac);
        m_fact->setProperty("x",  x - 1);
    }
private:
    Factorial *m_fact;
};

The FactorialLoopTransition class implements the guard ( x > 1) and calculations ( fac = x * fac ; x = x - 1) of the factorial loop.

class FactorialDoneTransition : public QSignalTransition
{
public:
    FactorialDoneTransition(Factorial *fact)
        : QSignalTransition(fact, SIGNAL(xChanged(int))), m_fact(fact)
    {}
    bool eventTest(QEvent *e) override
    {
        if (!QSignalTransition::eventTest(e))
            return false;
        QStateMachine::SignalEvent *se = static_cast<QStateMachine::SignalEvent*>(e);
        return se->arguments().at(0).toInt() <= 1;
    }
    void onTransition(QEvent *) override
    {
        fprintf(stdout, "%d\n", m_fact->property("fac").toInt());
    }
private:
    Factorial *m_fact;
};

The FactorialDoneTransition class implements the guard ( x <= 1) that terminates the factorial computation. It also prints the final result to standard output.

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);
    Factorial factorial;
    QStateMachine machine;

The application's main() function first creates the application object, a Factorial object and a state machine.

    QState *compute = new QState(&machine);
    compute->assignProperty(&factorial, "fac", 1);
    compute->assignProperty(&factorial, "x", 6);
    compute->addTransition(new FactorialLoopTransition(&factorial));

compute state is created, and the initial values of x and fac are defined. A FactorialLoopTransition object is created and added to the state.

    QFinalState *done = new QFinalState(&machine);
    FactorialDoneTransition *doneTransition = new FactorialDoneTransition(&factorial);
    doneTransition->setTargetState(done);
    compute->addTransition(doneTransition);

A final state, done , is created, and a FactorialDoneTransition object is created with done as its target state. The transition is then added to the compute 状态。

    machine.setInitialState(compute);
    QObject::connect(&machine, SIGNAL(finished()), &app, SLOT(quit()));
    machine.start();
    return app.exec();
}

The machine's initial state is set to be the compute state. We connect the QStateMachine::finished () 信号到 QCoreApplication::quit () slot, so the application will quit when the state machine's work is done. Finally, the state machine is started, and the application's event loop is entered.

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