QML Places API

概述

The Places API allows users to discover places of interest and view details about them, such as address and contact information. Some places may have additional content associated with them, such as images and reviews. The Places API also facilitates management of places and categories, allowing users to save and remove them.

Introductory Concepts

Plugin

A Plugin is an abstraction for a backend. One Plugin might access places from a REST server while another may access places from a local database. The following instantiates a Plugin object by providing a name of "osm". The Plugin name identifies which backend to choose from. Plugins may also be provided with a set of 参数 , which essentially takes the form of a set of key-value pairs. The 参数 that can be specified vary among the different Plugin backends. For documentation on the possible 参数 and nuances of each Plugin ,见 Plugin References .

Plugin {
    id: myPlugin
    name: "osm"
    //specify plugin parameters as necessary
    //PluginParameter {...}
    //PluginParameter {...}
    //...
}
					

注意: The HERE plugin must be supplied with some mandatory parameters as outlined in the HERE Plugin 文档编制。

Models, Views and Delegates

The QML Places API is built around the notion of models, views and delegates.

Model A model holds data items and maintains their structure. The model is also responsible for retrieving the items from a data source.
View A view is a visual container that displays the data and manages how visual items are shown such as in a list or a grid. The view may also be responsible for navigating the data, for example, scrolling through the visual items during a flicking motion.
委托 A delegate defines how individual data elements should appear as visual items in the view. The models expose a set of data roles and the delegate uses them to construct a visual item. The delegate may also define behaviour such as an operation to invoke when a visual item is clicked.

The Common Use Cases section below demonstrates concrete examples of how these concepts fit together.

Common Use Cases

Searching for Places

Searching is accomplished via the PlaceSearchModel plugin property specifies which backend to perform search operations against. Search parameters may be provided through properties such as the searchTerm and searchArea . A search operation can then be started by invoking the update() method. For simplicity, the snippet below invokes update() once construction of the model as been completed, typically update() would be invoked in response to a user action such as a button click. While the search operation is underway the PlaceSearchModel::status property transitions into the Loading state and when successfully completed moves into the Ready 状态。

PlaceSearchModel {
    id: searchModel
    plugin: myPlugin
    searchTerm: "pizza"
    searchArea: QtPositioning.circle(startCoordinate);
    Component.onCompleted: update()
}
					
					

Display Search Results using a ListView

A ListView can be used to show the search results found by the model. It defines the visual region for where the results are shown, and in the case below fills the entirety of its parent. The ListView has built in behavior that enables the region to respond to flicking events and to scroll appropriately.

In the snippet below, the search model has been assigned to the ListView 's model property. When the model is updated with new results, the ListView is automatically updated to reflect the model's new data items.

A simple delegate has been bound to the ListView 's delegate property. The PlaceSearchModel exposes a set of roles of which the title and place roles have been used below, these are of type string and Place respectively. Essentially for each data item that should be visible in the view, the view invokes the delegate to create a visual representation of the item.

ListView {
    anchors.fill: parent
    model: searchModel
    delegate: Component {
        Row {
            spacing: 5
            Marker { height: parent.height }
            Column {
                Text { text: title; font.bold: true }
                Text { text: place.location.address.text }
            }
        }
    }
}
								

注意: For simplicty's sake we have assumed that every search result is of type PlaceSearchResult and so always have access to the place role, other search result types may not have a place 角色。

Places List example for full source code.

Display Search Results using a MapItemView

Instead of a ListView PlaceSearchModel can be used in conjunction with a MapItemView to display markers on a map. Firstly a Map is used to define the visual region occupied by the map, in this case it fills the entirety of its parent. Other properties are specified such as the plugin providing the maps, and the map's center and zoomLevel .

Inside the Map MapItemView is declared, where the model property has been set to the search model and a delegate consisting of a MapQuickItem is used to display a marker image. A marker is shown for every place that was found by the search model. The delegate uses the place role to position the marker.

Map {
    id: map
    anchors.fill: parent
    plugin: myPlugin;
    center: locationOslo
    zoomLevel: 13
    MapItemView {
        model: searchModel
        delegate: MapQuickItem {
            coordinate: place.location.coordinate
            anchorPoint.x: image.width * 0.5
            anchorPoint.y: image.height
            sourceItem: Column {
                Image { id: image; source: "marker.png" }
                Text { text: title; font.bold: true }
            }
        }
    }
}
								

注意: For simplicty's sake we have assumed that every search result is of type PlaceSearchResult and so always have access to the place role, other search result types may not have a place 角色。

Places Map example for full source code.

Fetching Place Details

In order to save bandwidth, sometimes a backend will only return places which are partially populated with details. This can be checked with the Place::detailsFetched property which indicates whether all availalable details have been fetched or not. If not, the Place::getDetails () method can be invoked to fetch the remaining details.

if (!place.detailsFetched)
    place.getDetails();
					
					

Saving and Removing Places

Some backends may support saving and removing places. This can be done by calling the Place::save () 和 Place::remove () methods respectively. Note that in order to save a Place Plugin must be assigned to specify which backend we are saving to. The status property will transition into the Saving state while the save operation is happening and on successful completion will move to the Ready state. The following snippet shows how to save and remove a place using javascript.

//creating and saving a place
var place = Qt.createQmlObject('import QtLocation 5.3; Place { }', parent);
place.plugin = myPlugin;
place.name = "New York";
place.location.coordinate.latitude = 40.7
place.location.coordinate.longitude = -74.0
place.save();
//removing a place
place.remove();
					
					

了解更多

The above snippets only exhibit a small subset of Places functionality. Refer to the Places Types shown below for richer content such as images , reviews etc, as well as more indepth descriptions and explanations.

另请参阅 Places (QML) example for a more comprehensive demonstration on how to use the API.

Places Types

数据类型

Category

Type represents a category that a Place can be associated with

ContactDetail

Type holds a contact detail such as a phone number or a website address

ContactDetails

Type holds contact details for a Place

ExtendedAttributes

Type holds additional data about a Place

图标

Type represents an icon image source which can have multiple sizes

Place

Type represents a location that is a position of interest

PlaceAttribute

Type holds generic place attribute information

Ratings

Type holds place rating information

Supplier

Holds data regarding the supplier of a place, a place's image, review, or editorial

User

Type identifies a user who contributed a particular Place content item

模型

CategoryModel

Type provides a model of the categories supported by a Plugin

EditorialModel

Type provides a model of place editorials

ImageModel

Type provides a model of place images

PlaceSearchModel

Provides access to place search results

PlaceSearchSuggestionModel

Provides access to search term suggestions

ReviewModel

Provides access to reviews of a Place