Qt for UWP allows you to run Qt applications on devices supporting the Universal Windows Platform (UWP). Microsoft Windows 10 introduced UWP, which provides a common application platform on every device that runs Windows 10, as a successor to Windows Runtime (WinRT) introduced by Windows 8. The UWP core APIs are the same on all Windows devices, and therefore applications that only use the core APIs will run on any Windows 10 device, such as a desktop PC, or Xbox One.
The Qt port was originally written for WinRT and updated to support UWP. The port uses the C++ capabilities. While UWP supports the component extensions internally, they are not used inside Qt and you do not need to use them. UWP applications run in a sandboxed environment for security reasons and support different architectures, such as ARM and x86.
支持下列配置。
平台版本 | 体系结构 | 编译器 | 构建环境 |
---|---|---|---|
通用 Windows 平台 10 |
x86
,
x86_64
,和
armv7
|
MSVC 2019 , MSVC 2017 | Windows 10 |
通用 Windows 平台包括:Windows 10,Windows 10 IoT 设备,Xbox One 及 HoloLens。
Development for UWP requires a Microsoft Windows development host. The minimum version supported is Windows 10.
Qt supports UWP apps running on any variant of Windows 10 or later on the desktop PC, IoT, Xbox One, and so on.
If you are targeting a remote device, follow the instructions by Visual Studio to set it up correctly.
As UWP applications run in a sandboxed environment, some restrictions should be taken into account when considering porting or writing cross-platform applications:
QT_NO_PROCESS
being defined) as no subprocesses can be launched.
You can develop applications for UWP just as any other Qt applications. Use your favorite editor or IDE (such as Qt Creator) and create your application or load a Qt example. Then run
qmake
and
nmake/jom
to build your application.
To launch your project with Visual Studio a corresponding project needs to be created.
qmake
supports converting a
.pro
project into Visual Studio format by passing the parameters
-tp
vc.
qmake -tp vc <your project>.pro
Be aware of using the correct match of
qmake
and Visual Studio. As the Visual Studio format is generic, it does not return an immediate error if for instance you open a Windows Phone project inside Visual Studio for Windows.
This creates a project which supports building applications and running them with Visual Studio. It does not embed Qt libraries into the package and requires you to add them manually. For this purpose, the command line tool windeployqt has been included in the installed package. To enable automatic parsing of dependencies and adding the libraries and dependencies into the application package, create the project with the following options:
qmake -tp vc <your project>.pro "CONFIG+=windeployqt"
You will not need to do any conversion to open your project in Qt Creator. Please follow the generic instructions on how to open and build a project.
Qt Creator deploys your application on the UWP device, if the device is detected by the PC.
注意: Remote PCs, such as the Surface, are not yet supported for deployment by Creator.
We assume that you have cloned the Qt 5 repositories (or obtained the Qt sources elsewhere) and followed the platform-independent requirements for building Qt. The process of building Qt is found in the 构建 Qt 源 页面。
Qt for UWP is always built as a cross-build, because tools, such as qmake, are built as desktop applications. For compiling those, a desktop development environment is required. If you have installed Visual Studio for Windows, this will only create binaries for UWP. You will need Visual Studio for Windows Desktop as well to create those desktop tools.
Please make sure to use an x86 command prompt (either use the
VS x86 Native Tools Command Prompt
or call
vcvarsall.bat
without any parameter or with
x86
) for every UWP build. While the toolchain which is used for the target is set automatically, the command prompt decides what will be used for the host tools like
qmake
or
moc
. Building these tools might fail if another command prompt is used.
The UWP mkspec format is
<platform>-<architecture>-<toolchain>
where architecture can be
arm
,
x86
,或
x64
. The following is an example of building qtbase for UWP:
> ./configure -xplatform winrt-x64-msvc2017 -release > nmake/jom
UWP applications must be packaged (including all dependencies) and installed or registered with the application service in order to be launched. The WinRT Runner Tool can be used to launch these applications from the command line.
Package content consists of the application executable and its dependencies, as for every Windows application. The dependencies are the needed (Qt) libraries and plugins. Note that Qt plugins have to be put into a folder named after their category (platforms, imageformats, and so on) without using a
plugins
folder as root. For more information, see
Qt for Windows - 部署
.
As UWP applications are run in a sandboxed environment, setting the path variable to point to the files required will not work.
The windeployqt convenience tool looks up the application's dependencies and copies Qt libraries and plugins to the appropriate directories, as necessary.
Because all resources are placed to one directory, you can register the directory using an XML file (AppxManifest.xml) and Windows Powershell. The reference for these manifest files can be found here . The target processor architecture must be specified (as opposed to the default, 'neutral'). As soon as these requirements are met, change into your packaged directory in PowerShell and call:
> Add-AppxPackage -Register AppxManifest.xml
注意: The WinRT Runner Tool can perform the same operation with the --install option.
If that worked, you should be able to find your application in Windows' start screen. To remove your application, use Windows' built-in way to uninstall applications (right-click or tap and hold the application and choose
Uninstall
).
注意: The WinRT Runner Tool can perform the same operation with the --remove option.
The WinRT Runner Tool can be found in QTDIR/bin/winrtrunner. It is intended to aid in the deployment, launching, and debugging of Qt for WinRT applications. It can be used from the command line, or invoked by the IDE.
Usage: winrtrunner [options] package [arguments] winrtrunner installs, runs, and collects test results for packages made with Qt. Options: --test Install, start, collect output, stop (if needed), and uninstall the package. This is the default action of winrtrunner. --start Start the package. The package is installed if it is not already installed. Pass --install to force reinstallation. --debug <debugger> Start the package with the debugger attached. The package is installed if it is not already installed. Pass --install to force reinstallation. --debugger-arguments <arguments> Arguments that are passed to the debugger when --debug is used. If no debugger was provided this option is ignored. --suspend Suspend a running package. When combined with --stop or --test, the app will be suspended before being terminated. --stop Terminate a running package. Can be be combined with --start and --suspend. --wait <seconds> If the package is running, waits the given number of seconds before continuing to the next task. Passing 0 causes the runner to wait indefinitely. --install (Re)installs the package. --remove Uninstalls the package. --device <name|index> Specifies the device to target as a device name or index. Use --list-devices to find available devices. The default device is the first device found for the active run profile. --profile <name> Force a particular run profile. --list-devices List the available devices (for use with --device). --verbose <level> The verbosity level of the message output (0 - silent, 1 - info, 2 - debug). Defaults to 1. --ignore-errors Always exit with code 0, regardless of the error state. --loopbackexempt <mode> Enables localhost communication for clients,servers or both. Adding this possibility for servers needs elevated rights and might ask for these in a dialog.Possible values: client, server, clientserver -?, -h, --help Displays this help. Arguments: package [arguments] The executable or package manifest to act upon. Arguments after the package name will be passed to the application when it starts.